| FOR FURTHER READING: 1. Dodge PR, Swartz MN. Bacterial meningitis, a review of selected
aspects. II Special neurologic problems, postmeningitic complications and
clinicopathological correlations. N Engl J Med 1965; 272: 954-960.
2. Harvey D, Holt DE, Bedford H. Bacterial meningitis in
the newborn: a prospective study of mortality and morbidity. Seminars in Perinatology
1999; 23: 218-25.
3. Goetghebuer T, West TE, Wermenbol V, Cadbury AL et al.
Outcome of meningitis caused by
Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b in children in
Gambia. Trop Med Int Health 2000; 5: 207-13.
4. Clarke D, Cost K. Use of C-reactive
protein in differentiating septic from aseptic meningitis in children. J Pediatr 1983;
102: 718-20.
5. Corrall CJ, Pepple JM, Moxon ER, Hughes WT. C-reactive
protein in spinal fluid of children with
meningitis. J Pediatr 1981; 99: 365-9.
6. Erros J, Silink M, Dorman D. Cerebrospinal fluid lactic
acidosis in bacterial meningitis.
Arch Dis Child 1981; 56: 692-7.
7. Eiden J, Yolken RH. C-reactive protein and Limulus
amebocyte lysate assay in diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. J Pediatr 1986; 108: 423-30.
8. Gray BM, Simmons DR, Mason H, Barnum S, Volanakis JE.
Quantitative levels of C-reactive protein in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with
bacterial meningitis and other conditions. J Pediatr 1986; 108: 665-70.
9. Katnik R. A persistent biochemical marker of partially
treated meningitis/ventriculitis.
J Child Neurol 1995; 10(2): 93-99.
10. Gendrel D, Raymond J, Assicot M, Moulin F et al.
Measurement of procalcitonin levels in children with bacterial meningitis or viral
meningitis. Clin Infect Dis 1997 ; 24(6) : 1240-42.
11. Seki T, Joh K, Oh-Ishi T. Augmented production of
interleukin-8 in cerebrospinal fluid in bacterial
meningitis. Immunology 1993; 80(2): 333-5.
12. Ostergaard C, Benfield TL, Sellebjerg F et al.
Interleukin-8 in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with septic and aseptic meningitis. Eur
J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1996; 15(2): 166-9.
13. Visakorpi T, Vilja P, Kulomaa M, Tuohimaa P et al.
Cerebrospinal fluid lactoferrin in bacterial and viral meningitis. Acta Paediatr Scand
1987; 76: 987-9.
14. Gutterberg TJ, Flaegstad T, Jorgensen T. Lactoferrin,
C-reactive protein, alpha-1 antitrypsin and
immunoglobulin GA in cerebrospinal fluid in meningitis. Acta Paediatr Scand 1986; 75:
569-72.
15. Nesches W, Platt M. Cerebrospinal fluid LDH in 287
children including 53 cases of meningitis of
bacterial and non-bacterial etiology. Pediatrics 1968 ; 41 : 1097-1103.
16 Nelson E, Eeg-Olofsson O et al. The diagnostic and
predictive value of cerebrospinal fluid lactate in children with meningitis. Acta Paediatr
Scand 1986; 75: 52-57.
17. Gendrel D, Raymond J, Coste J et al. Comparison of
procalcitonin with C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and interferon-alpha for
differentiation of bacterial vs viral infections. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1999; 18: 875-81.
18. Arditi M, Manogu KR, Caplan M, Yogev R. Cerebrospinal
fluid cachectin/Tumor necrosis factor alpha and platelet activating factor concentrations
and severity of bacterial meningitis in children.
J Infect Dis 1990; 162: 139-147.
19. Murawska E, Szychowska Z, Trebusiewicz B. Nitric oxide
levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of children suffering from bacterial and viral
meningitis. PRZEG EPID 1997; 51(3):309-315. (In Polish)
20. Quagliarello V, Scheld WM. Bacterial meningitis:
pathogenesis, pathophysiology and progress.
N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 864-72.
21. Kayemba Kay’s S. Acute bacterial meningitis in
children: use of simple epidemiological data in
discriminating bacterial from viral origin. Study of 449 cases from 1983 to 1987 at
Grenoble University Teaching Hospital. MD thesis ( presented in June 1989).
22. Pomeroy SL, Holmes SJ, Dodge PR et al. Seizures and
other neurologic sequelae of bacterial meningitis in children. N Engl J Med 1990; 323:
1651-7.
23. Dagan R. Epidemiology of pediatric meningitis caused by
H. influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis in
Israel. Israel J of Medical Sciences 1994; 30(5-6): 351-5.
24. Peltola H. Worldwide H. Influenzae type b
disease at the beginning of the 21st century : global analysis of the disease
burden 25 years after the use of the polysaccharide vaccine and a decade after the advent
of conjugates. Clin Microbiol Rev 2000; 13(2): 302-17.
25. Tall F, Elola A, Vincent-Ballereau F, Prazuck T.
Natural immunity to H. Influenzae type b infection of infants in Burkina Faso
(French). Arch Pédiatr 1994; 1: 143-6.
26. Commey JO, Rodrigues OP, Akita FA, Newman M. Bacterial
meningitis in children in Southern Ghana. East African Medical Journal 1994; 71: 113-7.
27. Kayemba Kay’s S, François P, Cremilleux B, Robert
C, Beaudoing A. Acute bacterial meningitis in children : study of a diagnostic score
built from epidemiological parameters (age, sex and season).
Presented at the 29th Congress of the French Language Pediatric Association,
Lyon July 1990, France. Pédiatrie 1990; 45: 414 (Abstract).
28. Thome J, Bovier-Lapierre M, Vercherat M, Boyer P.
Méningite bactérienne ou virale ? Etude d’un score permettant une orientation
précoce dans les méningites de diagnostic difficile. Pédiatrie 1980; 35 : 225-36.
29. Spanos A, Harrell FE, Durack DT. Differential diagnosis
of acute meningitis; an anlysis of the predictive value of initial observations. JAMA
1989; 262: 2700-7.
30. Pavese P, François P, Lafond JL, Kayemba Kay’s S,
Bosson JL. Lactate assay in cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosis of bacterial meningitis:
strategies for determining a discriminatory threshold.
Presse Med (French) 1997; 26: 551-4.
31. Kayemba Kay’s S, François P, Raobijoana H, Robert
C, Demongeot J, Bost M. Use of epidemiological data for the diagnosis of acute meningitis
in children. An application of Bayes’ theorem. (Submitted for publication).
32. Moosa AA, Quortum HA, Ibrahim MD. Rapid diagnosis of
bacterial meningitis with reagent strips.
Lancet 1995; 345: 1290-1.
33. Molyneux E, Walsh A. Caution in the use of reagent
strips to diagnose acute bacterial meningitis.
Lancet 1996; 348: 1170-1.
34. Bisharda A, Chowdhury R, Puliyel JM. Evaluation of
leukocyte esterase reagent strips for rapid
diagnosis of pyogenic meningitis. Indian Pediatrics 1999; 36: 955-6.
35. Pollard AJ, Britto J, Nadel S, DeMunter C, Habibi P,
Levin M. Emergency management of
meningococcal disease. Arch Dis Child 1999; 80: 290-6.
36. Olivier C. Traitement des méningites purulentes à
pneumocoque de l’enfant. 9ème Conférence de
consensus en thérapeutique anti-infectieuse. Saint Etienne, France, Février 1996 :
1-16 (French).
37. Arditi M, Mason EO, Bradley JS, Tan TQ, Barson WJ et
al. Three year multicenter surveillance of
pneumococcal meningitis in children : clinical characteristics, and outcome related
to penicillin
susceptibility and dexamethasone use. Pediatrics 1998; 102: 1087-1097.
38. MacIntyre PB, Berkey CS, King SM, Schaad UB, Kilpi T,
Kanra GY, Perez CM. Dexamethasone as adjunctive therapy in bacterial meningitis. A
meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials since 1988.
JAMA 1997; 278: 925-31.
39. MacLennan JM, Shackley F, Heath PT, Deeks JJ, Flamak C,
Herbert M, Griffiths H, et al. Safety,
Immunogencity, and Induction of Immunologic Memory by a serogroup C Meningococcal
Conjugate vaccine in Infants. JAMA 2000; 283: 2795-2801. |
